排序方式： 共有26条查询结果，搜索用时 35 毫秒
1.
Liat Kulik 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1995,18(2):85-96
The study examined the impact of ethnic culture and gender on attitudes toward work and occupations among Soviet immigrant and Israeli students. The research focused on image of occupations (sex-typing and prestige of occupations), as well as on perceived salience of work rewards.On the whole, it was found that ethnic culture had a greater impact than gender on these attitudes. Most of the occupations were evaluated as more masculine by the immigrants than by the Israelis. Moreover, occupations related to law enforcement were viewed as more prestigious by the immigrants than by the Israelis. With regard to work rewards, the Israelis attributed more salience than the immigrants to three aspects (social factors, instrumental factors, and working conditions). No differences were found between the two groups in the intrinsic aspect of work. At the same time, gender also had an impact on the attitudes examined, although this impact was less significant than that of ethnic culture. Regardless of origin, some of the prestigious occupations were perceived as more feminine by the women than by the men. In the same vein, women tended to attribute a higher degree of salience to comfortable working conditions than men.These findings elicited a number of practical recommendations for career counsellors working with new immigrants.The author is a lecturer at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Bar-Ilan University, Israel, and a research associate at the Vocational Counselling and Information Center of the National Employment Service, Tel Aviv. Research interests include women at work and sex roles in the family. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACTThe present paper considers the use of longitudinal qualitative research (LQR) as a means to capture both change and stability in people’s lives. We use an LQR study conducted in continuing care retirement communities to demonstrate three dimensions that should be taken into consideration when addressing change vs. stability. Three waves of interviews with older adults and their family members as well as memos and reflections concerning interview data are used. The first dimension concerns the question of: “who defines change?” A second dimension raises the question of, “what has changed?” Finally, a third dimension concerns the timeframe of change. We argue that LQR provides a tremendous richness of time dimensions and perspectives. Discrepancies between dimensions, perspectives and timeframes can be particularly enriching. Moreover, LQR allows also for the opportunity to examine stability. 相似文献
3.
SUMMARY The relationship between monotonous work, mental fatigue, and reduction in efficiency has been discussed at length in the literature. This paper examines a theory, based on the interactions revealed in those studies, that uninterrupted examination of a large number of tests over an extended period of time, leads to inconsistency in grading. Three specialists judged typed compositions of seventh-grade pupils, and independently awarded the grade of 80% to 31 papers. These compositions were submitted to 60 female teachers. Each teacher received all 31 papers, stacked in one of three different, randomly arranged sequences. The subjects, unaware of the earlier review, were asked to read the compositions in one sitting and in the order in which they were stacked, and to assign a grade. There was no communication between teachers in the project with regard to the task. The variable found to contribute significantly to the grading pattern was the order in which the essays were arranged. The first tests received lower grades, on average, than those awarded by the specialists. As the teachers worked their way through the stack, the grades gradually rose, and eventually exceeded those given by the specialists. The discrepancy between the mean evaluation of the first papers and last papers in the pile was approximately 10%. Teacher seniority and other variables tested did not contribute significantly to the process. 相似文献
4.
Liat Kulik 《Journal of Career Development》2000,27(1):15-33
The study examined differences in job search intensity, attitudes toward unemployment, and related responses among four age groups of jobless women in Israel, all of whom were married: Post-adolescence (up to age 21); young adulthood (age 22–35), mid-life (age 36–49); and late adulthood (50–62). The findings revealed differences in job search intensity for the four age groups. The youngest group spent more time seeking employment per week than did the other groups. At the same time, women in the late adulthood group were least likely to reject job offers owing to financial considerations, whereas those in the young adult and mid-life groups tended to reject job offers either due to conflict with family obligations or to work conditions. Moreover, the older respondents reported a sharper decline in health following unemployment than did their younger counterparts. In the same vein, members of the late adulthood group reported less financial strain as a result of unemployment than did the rest of the groups. 相似文献
5.
Four‐ to 10‐year‐olds' and adults' (N = 263) ability to inhibit privileged knowledge and simulate a naïve perspective were examined. Participants viewed pictures that were then occluded aside from a small ambiguous part. They offered suggestions for how a naïve person might interpret the hidden pictures, as well as rated the probability that a naïve person would think of several different pictures (with one picture being the actual item). Results indicated a significant increase between ages 4 and 7 years in attributing novel interpretations; however, all age groups overestimated the probability that a naïve person could guess the actual pictures. Individual differences in working memory and inhibitory control predicted participants' thought suggestions as well as aspects of their probability judgments. 相似文献
6.
Liat Kulik 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1998,20(2):95-111
The article examines intergender and intragender differences in life orientations and attitudes toward work among Israeli students. Data were obtained from 428 respondents in the faculties of engineering and social sciences (psychology and social work) at four universities. Few attitudinal differences were found between the sexes. However, significant intra-gender differences were found, especially between men in gender-typical and atypical careers. In contrast to their "gender-typical" counterparts, the "gender-atypical" men emphasized more traditionally "masculine" orientations such as competitiveness, achievement, independence and control, political activity, and job success. Compared with these groups, the intra-gender differences between the "gender-typical" and "gender atypical" women were less significant. 相似文献
7.
This article presents 2 studies aimed at validating a measure of stress experienced by children and parents around the issue of homework, applying Benson's program of validation (Benson, 1998). Study 1 provides external validity of the measure by supporting hypothesized relations between stress around homework and students’ and parents’ positive and negative affect, students’ sense of competence, and students’ type of motivation. In Study 2, the measure was administered to students with and without learning disability—2 groups assumed to differ in the level of stress experienced while doing homework. Results of both studies support the validity of the measure. 相似文献
8.
Infant sleep is a major source of concern for many parents. The aims of this longitudinal study were to assess: (a) the development of sleep patterns among infants, (b) the development of maternal cognitions regarding infant sleep, and (c) the relations between these domains during the 1st year of life. Eighty-five mothers were recruited during pregnancy and completed a questionnaire aimed at assessing maternal sleep-related cognitions. After delivery (at 1, 6, and 12 months) sleep was assessed using actigraphy and sleep logs, and maternal cognitions were reassessed. The findings demonstrated significant predictive and concomitant links between maternal cognitions and infant sleep. Maternal soothing behaviors mediated the relations between these domains. 相似文献
9.
Liat Ayalon 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(12):888-901
The study evaluated the association of modernization (at the macro/societal-level) and modernity (at the micro/individual-level) with feelings towards older vs. younger adults. Analysis was based on the fourth wave of the European Social Survey, which includes a rotated module on ageism. The sample consisted of 28 countries and a total of 54,988 respondents. The outcome was based on two affective items measuring explicit feelings towards older vs. younger adults. Hierarchical linear modeling was used in the analysis. A small portion of the variance was attributed to cross-country differences. There was a trend towards more positive feelings towards older adults compared to younger adults. The findings provide support to the claim that modernity is associated with reports of affective ageism, but only minimal support to a relationship between modernization and affective ageism. 相似文献
10.
Liat Ayalon 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(11):816-824
The present study examines the role of familiarity and satisfaction with foreign vs. Israeli home care as predictors of attitudes towards social rights to foreigners. A random stratified sample of home care recipients in the center of Israel was drawn. A total of 388 older adults and 686 family members were interviewed. Of these, 666 relied on foreign home care services, and the remaining sample relied on Israeli home care services. Satisfaction with services was a stronger predictor of one's willingness to grant rights to foreigners among those who employ foreign home care workers than among those who employ Israeli workers. The findings are discussed within the frameworks of the contact theory and in relation to the global trend of foreign home care services to older adults. 相似文献